State constitutions in the United States

North Carolina voters approved all three constitutional amendments on the ballot, each passing by roughly 60% or more. The income tax amendment caps the state rate at 3.5%, replacing the 7% ceiling set in 2018; the current flat rate of 3.99% is already set to decline. Republican sponsors say the cap locks in tax cuts, while Democratic Gov. Josh Stein called it a "millionaire protection cap" shifting costs to ordinary residents.

A property tax amendment also passed, directing the legislature to later set limits on annual local tax revenue growth; details of the cap remain to be written. A third amendment extends the existing photo ID requirement to all forms of voting, including mail-in ballots. Critics warn the property tax limit could squeeze county budgets funding services like healthcare and law enforcement.

West Virginia voters approved Amendment 1, a constitutional measure specifying that only U.S. citizens may vote in state elections, with Decision Desk HQ projecting passage by a wide margin. The amendment changes the state constitution's language from referring to "citizens of the State" to explicitly requiring voters to be "citizens of the United States who are citizens of this state." State law already required citizenship to vote, so the measure enshrines an existing rule in the constitution rather than changing current practice.

West Virginia was among several states with citizenship- and voter ID-related measures on this year's ballot, reflecting ongoing Republican-led efforts around voter eligibility and election integrity nationwide.

Arkansas voters approved Issue 1, a constitutional amendment reinforcing that only U.S. citizens who are at least 18, state residents, registered to vote and able to show photo ID may cast ballots in state or local elections. Arkansas already required citizenship and photo ID to vote, but the measure changes the constitution's language from "may" vote to "only" those meeting the requirements, explicitly barring ineligible people from both statewide and local elections. Noncitizens cannot vote in federal elections nationwide. The measure follows a broader push by Republicans and President Trump around voter ID and citizenship verification, with more than a dozen states considering related ballot measures this cycle.

Michigan voters decided two statewide ballot measures in the Nov. 3 general election. Proposal 1, which would have convened a state constitutional convention in 2027, failed by a wide margin, leaving the state under its 1963 Constitution; the question automatically recurs every 16 years. Opponents included Gov. Gretchen Whitmer and the Detroit Regional Chamber, while House Speaker Matt Hall backed it as a path around a slow-moving Legislature.

Proposal 2 passed, barring campaign contributions from regulated utilities such as DTE and Consumers Energy, government contractors with sizable state deals, and related entities, while expanding donor disclosure rules to more political advertising, including online ads. Backed by Michiganders for Money out of Politics, it drew opposition from the Michigan Chamber of Commerce, and the Mackinac Center for Public Policy filed a First Amendment lawsuit against it the same day.